Of the modern Indo-European languages in South Asia, Bengali and Marathi maintain a largely Pali/Sanskrit vocabulary base (use of Sanskrit words by some Bengali poets such as Jaydev, Umapatidhara and Govardhan Acharya) while Hindi and others such as Punjabi, Sindhi and Gujarati are more influenced by Arabic and Persian.įrom the 13th century to 15th century (Arabic words like Okil, Kalam, Dalal, Loksan, Khajna, Haloa, Masla etc. Historically closer to Pali, Bengali saw an increase in Sanskrit influence during the Middle Bengali (Chaitanya era), and also during the Bengal Renaissance. tahar → tar "his"/"her" koriyachhilô → korechhilo he/she had done). New Bengali (since 1801)—shortening of verbs and pronouns, among other changes (e.g. Other narrative poems include Srikrishnavijaya by Maladhar Vasu and Srikrishnakirttan by Baru Chandidas which Spread of compound verbs Persian influence. Middle Bengali (1351–1800) — major texts of the period, Krittivas' Ramayan has been credited to be a classic.
Assamese branch out in this period and Oriya just before this period (8th century-1300).
Old Bengali (650/900-1200)—texts include Charyapada, devotional songs emergence of pronouns Ami, tumi, etc. Usually three periods are identified in the history of Bengali: The local Apabhramsa language of the eastern subcontinent, Purvi Apabhramsa or Apabhramsa Abahatta, eventually evolved into regional dialects, which in turn formed three groups: the Bihari languages, the Oriya languages, and the Bengali-Assamese languages Ardhamagadhi, as with all of the Prakrits of North India, began to give way to what are called Apabhramsa languages. Magadhi Prakrit (200 BC) and Pali, the earliest recorded spoken languages in the region and the language of the Buddha, evolved into Ardhamagadhi.
Like other Eastern Indo-Aryan languages, Bengali arose from the eastern Middle Indic languages of the Indian subcontinent. Indo-Aryan Language (kentum#Europe & satam#Indo-Iranni): With nearly 230 million total speakers, Bengali is one of the most spoken languages (ranking 4th) in the world where in 1993 it was 5th.Ĭhronological development trend of Bangla Language:Īustro-Asiatic Languages like Santali (abola, acir-pacir, ador, alga etc), Mundari (akal, akhir, amdani) and Khasi (ator, ain, babo, biskit) b) Sino-Tibeten like Kachhari (akaj,ajala means foolish), Garo, Tripuri etc. It is native to the region of eastern South Asia known as Bengal, which comprises present day Bangladesh, the Indian state of West Bengal, and parts of the Indian states of Tripura and Assam. Bengali or Bangla is an eastern Indo-Aryan language.
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